The History and Impact of the Divine Nine

Black History Month often highlights the lasting influence of historically Black fraternities and sororities, commonly known as the “Divine Nine.”

The Divine Nine refers to the nine historically Black Greek-letter organizations that make up the National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC), founded in 1930 at Howard University. The organizations were established between 1906 and 1963 during a time when Black students were largely excluded from campus life and leadership opportunities.

The nine organizations are Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. (1906), Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc. (1908), Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, Inc. (1911), Omega Psi Phi Fraternity, Inc. (1911), Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc. (1913), Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity, Inc. (1914), Zeta Phi Beta Sorority, Inc. (1920), Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc. (1922) and Iota Phi Theta Fraternity, Inc. (1963).

Beyond social fellowship, these organizations were founded on principles of scholarship, service, leadership and advocacy. Members have historically played key roles in civil rights efforts, education initiatives and community development across the nation.

One of the most recognizable traditions of Divine Nine culture is the step show. Stepping is a rhythmic, synchronized performance art that uses clapping, stomping, chanting and coordinated movement to tell stories, express pride and represent organizational unity. The tradition draws influence from African dance, military drills and Black collegiate culture.

Closely related is strolling, a coordinated line dance performed by fraternity and sorority members at events and celebrations. Unlike stepping, strolling is typically done in a line formation to music, emphasizing unity and brotherhood or sisterhood.

Today, Divine Nine organizations continue to serve communities through mentorship programs, scholarships, voter registration efforts and service projects, maintaining a legacy that spans more than a century. Their traditions — from scholarship to stepping — remain a vibrant part of Black cultural and collegiate life.